This special topic covers the technologies and applications in the emerging areas of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR). These sessions will bring together scientists, engineers, business professionals, market analysts, and industry leaders involved in AR, VR, and MR technologies, products, applications, advanced developments, and emerging trends. AR/VR/MR topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

• AR, VR, and MR Systems and Applications
• Display Technologies for AR, VR, and MR Systems
• Spatial Sensing and Imaging Technologies
• Tracking, Localization, Mapping, and Navigation Techniques
• Computation, Graphics, and Display Processing
• Mapping and Rendering of Virtual Objects onto the Physical World
• Immersive Audio Technologies
• End-to-End System Integration and Latencies
• Inputs, Interfaces, and Interactions
• Human Factors and User-Experience
• Object, Human, and Scene Capture; Reconstruction, Recognition, and Understanding
• Machine Learning Techniques Including Deep Neural Networks
• Eye Tracking, Biometrics, and User Authentication

The evolution of new computing technologies and the availability of big data are boosting machine learning (ML) and deep learning in different fields. The special topic on ML covers the applications of machine learning in all aspects of display technologies and manufacturing. These sessions bring together display experts and ML experts to explore opportunities to solve challenging display problems with the right ML techniques. Machine Learning topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Techniques in Graphics, Image Processing, and Computer Vision
• Applications in Enhancing Display Technology
• For AR/VR in Developing Featured Machines
• In Display Manufacturing
• In Display Measurement
• For Human Visual Perception in Displays
• For Interactive Technology

This special topic covers new materials and device technologies for high-dynamic-range (HDR) displays and applications. An HDR display requires high luminance (>1,000 nits), deep black level (<0.005 nits), and bit depth >10 bits. Both miniLED backlit LCDs and dual-cell LCDs, OLEDs and microLEDs can achieve HDR, but with their own challenges. HDR display topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

• MiniLED Backlit LCDs
• Halo Reduction Techniques
• Flexible MiniLEDs for Flexible LCDs and Emissive Displays
• Dual-Cell LCDs
• High-Luminance OLEDs
• High-Luminance and Low-Power Mini/MicroLEDs
• High-Efficiency Quantum-Dot Color Conversion
• Chip-Size Effect on MicroLEDs
• Ambient Light Effect on HDR Displays
• High Ambient Contrast Ratio

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an increasingly important paradigm for creating a world of connected devices, with compelling use cases in domains including healthcare, logistics, energy control, and smart cities. In the IoT era, image displays including digital signage are evolving from unidirectional advertising tools to smart display/signage tools that provide bidirectional and interactive services. Smart signage, for example, collects user contexts from various sensors and wearable devices. The smart signage then changes contents on the screen according to the context information. Therefore, users can be served various personalized and targeted services. However, conventional signage systems have difficulty in connecting new sensing devices to the systems because there is no standard to connect signage systems and sensing devices. Moreover, conventional wireless communication systems for small wireless electronics devices suffer from low radiation efficiencies of miniaturized antennas implemented within less-than ideal real estate and locations (e.g., antennas are typically installed in a small bezel of the display device). Displays for IoT also need to have increased communication bandwidth in order to keep up with other media used for computing. Papers are sought to enable bidirectional image displays with topics including the following:

• Energy-Efficient Invisible Antenna Integrated within a Display Panel
• Energy-Efficient Miniaturized Antennas that Can Fit into the Small Bezel of a Display
• Energy-Efficient Display Devices and Algorithms
• Camera-Under-Display Technologies
• Visible Light Communication Technologies Integrated on an Image Display Panel
• Touch Technologies Compatible with On-Panel Antenna Structures
• Gesture-Control Technologies
• Presence Sensing
• Face-Recognition Technologies
• Sensor Technologies Integrated on an Image Display Panel
• Edge-Computing Technologies Integrated on an Image Display Panel
• Increased Bandwidth Technologies for IoT Displays